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How To Solve A Limit

This is a video where we can learn how to solve one to the power of infinity limit.


Interview To Amaia Angulo, Industrial Engineer


Hello Bloggers, today in the blog, we have Amaia Angulo's collaboration who tell us her experience from the academic world and in the working level. 

" Hello Amaia. What led you to choose studying an engineering?"

" I was recommended to choose an engineering path because in high school the subjects I got best grades on were physics and mathematics. At that time Telecommunications was the best named degree in the university, but I did not get the grade to enter and I took industrial engineering, my second option.

Even if it was hard not to get my first option at the moment, now I think it is the best thing it could happen. When taking industrial engineering you don’t have to choose specialty until last year so I had time to discover what I really want to focus on. Actually when I had to take the decision of what degree to choose, I didn’t have any idea of what I would like be working on."

"Did you continue your studies after completing your degree? Where?"

" While I was in Norway a friend of mine was applying for Repsol In-house University. It was an scholarship to study one year in Repsol formation center, to focus on general energy technologies and business administration and then you may be hired by the company or other in the energy sector.
I did the application and got a place. And then after studding in Madrid for a year I was offered a job in exploration and production consulting in Repsol where was working for four years until I got expat to Algeria.

When coming back from Algeria I also took a master in renewable energies while working. I think it is really important to be continuously renewing your professional knowledge. In this tight crisis environment, you have to be updated on what the market is expecting from professionals."

" What do you do nowadays?"

" I currently work in Repsol strategy direction. We design the strategic plan for Repsol business (Exploration, Oil production, Refining, Marketing and New Energies) and also evaluate new projects from an economic and technical point of view. I have been in this position for two years now, and it gives you an overview of the company and the energy sector."

" Is it really useful that you learned in university in your daily work?"

" This is a good question. The best lesson I learned in the university is how to make your way to solve a certain problem with no clear information.
My home university was very traditional and theoretic, few industry applied subjects were available. I make used to learn about a certain topic, with no class material available in a short period of time. We spent most of the time doing hand-based calculations that computers do in real like. That gives you a solid knowledge base, but not a real advance for job market.

During the year I spent in Norway, I saw there much more applied subjects, but on the other hand, students were too used to get everything ready-to-study. When working abroad I notice that our engineers have much more problem-solving skills, and I think it can be a consequence of that."

" What do you think is relevant to the career of an engineer to get a job?"

"The most relevant feature of an engineer is experience. Even if you have study about a certain topic, if you have experience in other thing, you will probably end up working on that.

Given that, while you are studying you have to try to get as much experience as possible in the topic you like. Further that pass the exams, try to understand applications and get real experience if possible. Go ask teachers if further information is available and try to make contacts in the industry.

There is always a question you will be asked when starting to work," What do you know doing?", If you are able to answer and prove something different than "studying" that will help you get the job you like."


" What advice would you give to students of engineering in an area of work for the future?"

" My advice would by that taking the decision of focusing in one topic, driven only by the belief that is going to be plenty of work on that, is not a good decision. In an uncertain moment like this you never know how the market is going to be by the time you are done with your degree.

For example, I explained before that I wanted to study Telecommunications for that reason. Then, after the Ericson factory in Bilbao closed, Telecommunication engineers had a really hard time to find a job, and started to work programing as computer engineers.

For this reason I would advise to focus in what you enjoy the most, where you think you can be the best on. Then complete that with languages or other skills to maximize the places you can work in, and differentiate yourself from the others."



" Thanks you very much Amaia for giving me your time and your help."

" And Bloggers, I would like that the experience of Amaia be an example to your working lives. Thank you very much to all." 





How Is Math Involved In Designing Video Games?

World Design

  • One of the basic areas of both video game and animation is designing 3D images on a computer using mathematical formulas. Made from a combination of polygons, these images can range from a rabbit to a junk heap. It's these polygons that the images the player sees, from the character to the scenery to the enemies and obstacles, are made of. Where objects are located, and where the character is in reference to those objects, is all decided by mathematical formulas. Even in basic, 2D games, math is what tells the game whether or not the character jumped onto a solid platform, or fell into a hole.

Physics

  • Another area of video game development that uses math is the design of the physics of the world. Whether the game world is a simple or complicated one, there are still necessary physics that must be applied. If a player pushes the jump button, then how high the character will jump has to be decided. If a soccer ball is kicked, it can't go in a straight line, so the programmer must apply necessary algorithms to decide the drag speed of gravity, how the ball will slow over distance, and so on. The same can be said for first-person shooters, which have to figure in drag and drop for bullets fired over a long distance.

Other Uses

  • How much damage a character takes from certain actions requires mathematical formulae. For instance, falling from a certain height has to be figured in, especially if falling from greater heights does more damage. In addition, simple math, like how many points a character may earn for performing certain actions, has to be figured in mathematically. Also, the way a character's life bar or hit points works is decided by math. In roleplaying games, where a character has a certain "to-hit" percentage decided by their stats, there must be a mathematical formula to decide the chance that the character does, in fact, hit his or her enemy.


How Solve a Triple Integration

Problem:

Solve the following integration.


 
where V is limited by the surface x2 + y2 = 2z

The integration region is restricted within the paraboloid by the plane z = 2.


As the projection of the region on the z = 0 the plane is the circle C: x^2 + y^2 ≤ 4, the triple integral can be decomposed so as:



Writing the integral in cylindrical coordinates, we obtain:



This is the process to solve a triple integration using the cylindrical coordinates.

I hope it has been helpful.

See you bloggers in the next post!













The problem of the bridges of Königsberg

In the eighteenth century there were in the city of Königsberg (located in the former Prussia, now Kaliningrad, part of Russia) seven bridges connecting each of the banks of the river Pergel with two inner islands. The citizens were very proud of their bridges and joked about the possibility to visit all of them passing once for each.
Is this possible?


Solution:

Euler's solution to the problem of the Königsberg bridges involved the observation that when a vertex is "visited" in the middle of the process of tracing a graph, there must be an edge coming into the vertex, and another edge leaving it; and so the order of the vertex must be an even number.  This must be true for all but at most two of the vertices--the one you start at, and the one you end at, and so a connected graph is traversible if and only if it has at most two vertices of odd order. Now a quick look at the graph above shows that there are more than two vertices of odd order, and so the graph cannot be traced; that is the desired walking tour of Königsberg is impossible.



The Grand's Series

In mathematics, the infinite series 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + …, also written

\sum_{n=0}^{\infin} (-1)^n
is sometimes called Grandi's series, after Italian mathematician, philosopher, and priest Guido Grandi, who gave a memorable treatment of the series in 1703. It is a divergent series, meaning that it lacks a sum in the usual sense. On the other hand, its Cesàro sum is 1/2.
One obvious method to attack the series
1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + …
is to treat it like a telescoping series and perform the subtractions in place:
(1 − 1) + (1 − 1) + (1 − 1) + … = 0 + 0 + 0 + … = 0.
On the other hand, a similar bracketing procedure leads to the apparently contradictory result
1 + (−1 + 1) + (−1 + 1) + (−1 + 1) + … = 1 + 0 + 0 + 0 + … = 1.
Thus, by applying parentheses to Grandi's series in different ways, one can obtain either 0 or 1 as a "value". (Variations of this idea, called the Eilenberg–Mazur swindle, are sometimes used in knot theory and algebra.)
Treating Grandi's series as a divergent geometric series we may use the same algebraic methods that evaluate convergent geometric series to obtain a third value:
S = 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + …, so
1 − S = 1 − (1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + …) = 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + … = S,
resulting in S = 1/2. The same conclusion results from calculating −S, subtracting the result from S, and solving 2S = 1.
The above manipulations do not consider what the sum of a series actually means. Still, to the extent that it is important to be able to bracket series at will, and that it is more important to be able to perform arithmetic with them, one can arrive at two conclusions:
  • The series 1 − 1 + 1 − 1 + … has no sum.
  • ...but its sum should be 1/2.
In fact, both of these statements can be made precise and formally proven, but only using well-defined mathematical concepts that arose in the 19th century. After the late 17th-century introduction of calculus in Europe, but before the advent of modern rigor, the tension between these answers fueled what has been characterized as an "endless" and "violent" dispute between mathematicians.

The Golden Number And The Fibonacci Sequence



The golden number or phi is the relation or portion there are between two segments of straight. Can be found not only in geometric figures, if not also in the nature. It’s possible to find this relation in a many works of architecture or in art. For example, “El Hombre de Vitruvio”, drawn by Leonardo Da Vinci and considered a beauty ideal, is proportionate according to the golden number.

The first to make a formal study of the golden number was Euclides, about three centuries before Christ, in his work “Los Elementos”. Euclides defined its worth saying that “one straight line is divided in the entire line it’s to the mayor segment as the major is to the minor”. In the other words, two positive numbers a and b are in golden relation if and only if (a+b) / a= a/b. the valour of this number is irrational and it has an infinite decimal, its approximate worth is 1’6180339887498…

The golden number also is “related” with Fibonacci series. The golden number and Fibonacci series are continuously in the structure of the living creatures. The phi number, for example, relates the amount of male bees and female bees are in the hive, or the disposition of the flower petals. The relationship between the Fibonacci sequence and the golden number is the following:

1:1 = 1
2:1 = 2
3:2 = 1’5
5:3 = 1’66666666
8:5 = 1’6
13:8 = 1’625
21:13 = 1’6153846…
34:21 = 1’6190476…
55:34 = 1’ 6176471…
89:55 = 1’6181818…

To take more terms of the succession and make it quotient, we approach to the golden number. When the terms increased, the quotients approach to phi: 1’6180339887498… 


Welcome!


  1. This blog is for the subjects of Calculus, Algebra and Communications skills in engineering.  Is the project of these subjects and the uploads  will be on science of mathematics. My degree is Aerospace engineering and most of the uploads will have to do with this topic. 
  2. I hope you like this blog. Thank you very much.